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Who is the Holy Spirit and how does the Spirit come to be in relation to the Father and the Son? What is the mission of the Spirit and where does it come from? Chris Holmes takes up the questions surrounding the Spirit’s procession and mission with the help of three of the church’s greatest teachers—Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Karl Barth. Drawing on their engagements with the Fourth Gospel,...

“one” signifies the substance of the three, their essence, their absolute simplicity whereby they are one and for whom “there is no possibility of … perfection growing.”24 Or, to make the same point differently, “So they are each in each and all in each, and each in all and all in all, and all are one.”25 All three are by way of being. Accordingly, substance or essence is not spoken of them relatively: again, they are one. With respect to being—which is, of course, common—each is. Each is the fullness
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